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Case/Source Based question Read the following text carefully and answer question number 13(a) and 13(b) given below : Green investment and sustainability are priorities in public policy. India has emerged as a global leader at the front of the climate change. India has pledged to seek solutions for the future. Government schemes and policies such as Swachh Bharat Mission, Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Smart Cities, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana among other, all contribute towards achieving sustainable development goals. The government has contributed to maintain economic growth by introducing and implementing various policies and measures relating to sustainable development, climate change, energy efficiency and air pollution. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana Scheme, has actively contributed to cleaner air. It has resulted in drastic reduction of respiratory diseases and ultimately death as per recent medical report. The Jal Jeevan Mission was launched with the objective of achieving water security. We have seen 68 per cent decline in the size of population of various animal species and amphibian over the last 60 years. The issue of green house gases and rising temperature of the earth are a global concern. India is one of those countries that will be affected by the over 2 degree celsius rise in global temperature. 'India has already taken a lot of steps in the area of innovation and development of different production methodologies which are environmentally friendly in the long run.' Source : The Economic Times; Oct. 27, 2021 (a) State and discuss any two steps involved in attaining sustainable development in India. (b) From the given text, state any two factors which challenged the carrying capacity of the environment.

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Question 7

Read the following text carefully. Answer questions number 13 (a) and 13 (b) on the basis of the given text and common understanding : The NITI Aayog Index developed in collaboration with German cooperation, ranks 56 urban areas on 77 Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) indicators. In its journey of localization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and creating SDG’s progress monitoring system at all levels, the NITI Aayog has developed the SDG Urban Index and Dashboard in 2021 – 22. The index will strengthen SDG localization and institute monitoring at the various cities level. According to the NITI Aayog, this index highlights the strengths and gaps of data monitoring and reporting systems. The tools used in the index will contribute to the creation of an ecological system in which all stakeholders will be equipped to adopt and implement data-driven decision-making. The NITI Aayog is of the view that this transformative change is quite essential, given the increasing prominence of our cities and urban areas in charting the future of development in India. Out of 56 urban areas ranked in the index, 44 are with population above one million. As per the NITI Aayog, for each SDG the urban areas are ranked on the scale of 0 – 100. A score of 100 implies that the urban area has achieved the targets set for 2030. A zero score implies that it is the farthest from achieving the target among the selected urban areas. The areas with score between 0 and 49 have been ranked as aspirants, those with 50 – 64 are termed as performers, 66 – 99 are called front-runners and ones with perfect score are called achievers. Source : The Economic Times; November 23, 2021 (Modified) (a) Outline any two steps involved by the NITI Aayog index in attaining sustainable development. (b) “Urban areas are ranked on the scale of 0 – 100.” Elucidate the ranking system adopted by the NITI Aayog.

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