According to the Managing Director, Research and Development Department, they are working to replace fossil-based raw materials with bio-based raw materials which are renewable. The company has been researching and developing sustainable materials.

Question

Accepted Answer

The two PESTEL factors discussed in the passage are:

1. **Technological factor** — The company 'has been researching and developing sustainable materials' and 'working to replace fossil-based raw materials with bio-based raw materials which are renewable.' This reflects innovation and R&D efforts to develop new sustainable technologies for smartphone manufacturing.

2. **Ecological factor** — The passage states that 'every year around 6,40,000 tonnes fishing nets end up in oceans, posing a serious threat to the marine ecosystem.' By using repurposed fishing nets and replacing fossil-based inputs with renewable bio-based materials, the company is minimising environmental damage, which is a core concern of the ecological dimension of the PESTEL model.