State any two precautions to be adopted while estimating National Income by Value Added Method. State any two precautions to be adopted while estimating National Income by Income Method.

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Precautions for Value Added Method:
1. Exclude intermediate goods to avoid double counting
2. Include only value added at each stage of production
3. Use market prices for output and factor cost for inputs
4. Exclude non-production transactions

Precautions for Income Method:
1. Exclude transfer payments (gifts, donations)
2. Exclude windfall gains (lottery, prizes)
3. Include only factor incomes (wages, rent, interest, profit)
4. Exclude income from second-hand sales
5. Include imputed values for owner-occupied houses