(i) "Globalisation has been a process for India with only positive results." Defend or refute the given statement with valid explanation. (ii) "The goal of equity was served by 'Abolition of Intermediaries' in agriculture in the post independence period." Do you agree with the given statement ? Support your answer with valid explanation. (i) "Farm subsidies put a huge burden on the government finances, but are necessary for poor and marginal farmers." Justify the given statement with valid explanation. (ii) Discuss briefly the role of small scale industries in generating of employment and equity in India under the planning period.

Question

Accepted Answer

(i) **I refute the statement** that globalisation has been a process with only positive results. Negative aspects:

1. **Growing Unemployment:** GDP growth failed to generate sufficient employment
2. **Neglect of Agriculture:** Agricultural sector was neglected compared to industry and services
3. **Low Industrial Growth:** Domestic industries faced competition from cheaper imports
4. **Ineffective Disinvestment:** Assets undervalued and sold cheaply
5. **Spread of Consumerism:** Encouraged production of luxuries over necessities
6. **Unbalanced Growth:** Growth concentrated in select service sectors

(ii) **Abolition of Intermediaries:**
- The goal of equity was served by abolition of intermediaries (zamindars, jagirdars)
- This removed exploitative land tenure system
- Gave ownership rights to actual cultivators
- Reduced income inequality in rural areas
- Promoted social justice and equity