(i) "National Education Policy 2020 of India stresses a lot on in-service teachers' training." In the light of the given statement, state and explain any two advantages of such on-the-job trainings in upliftment of education sector of any nation. (ii) Define Casual Wage Labourer. (i) Elaborate any two reasons owing to which lesser number of women are found in regular salaried employment. (ii) Define worker – population ratio.

Question

Accepted Answer

(i) Advantages of on-the-job training as stressed by NEP 2020:

1. Skill Enhancement: Teachers learn new pedagogical methods and technologies
2. Professional Development: Continuous learning improves career prospects
3. Better Student Outcomes: Well-trained teachers produce better learning results
4. Adaptation to Changes: Teachers can adapt to curriculum and technology changes
5. Quality Improvement: Regular training ensures high standards of education

(ii) Human Capital and Human Development:

Human Capital refers to the skills, knowledge, and abilities embodied in individuals that contribute to economic productivity. It views education and health as means to increase labour productivity.

Human Development is a broader concept that considers education and health as integral to human well-being. It recognizes the right to basic education and healthcare irrespective of contribution to labour productivity.

Key Difference: Human capital treats humans as means to economic ends, while human development treats humans as ends in themselves.